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Chlorothalonil is a non-systemic foliar fungicide with protective action.
Chlorothalonil is used to control of many fungal diseases in a wide range of crops, including pome fruit, stone fruit, citrus fruit, bush and cane fruit, crancerries, strawberries, pawpaws, bananas, mangoes, coconut palms, oil palms rubber, pepper, vines, hops, vegetables, cucurbits, tobacco, coffee, tea, rice, soya beans, peanuts, potatoes, sugar beet, cotton, maize, ornamentals, mushrooms, and turf.
Chlorothalonil is a broad-spectrum organochlorine pesticide (fungicide) used to control fungi that threaten vegetables, trees, small fruits, turf, ornamentals, and other agricultural crops. It also controls fruit rots in cranberry bogs, and is used in paints.
Chlorothalonil, when mixed with a triazole, can reduce the eradicant activity of the triazole. In many circumstances this has no measurable effect on the overall level of disease control. Often, the general level of disease control will increase because of the additional protectant activity.
However, when a high level of eradicant activity is needed from a triazole, (e.g. when a flag-leaf spray is delayed) it may be beneficial not to include chlorothalonil and to increase the dose of triazole used.
Chlorothalonil is a fungicide with a broad spectrum of activity used mainly in agriculture but also on turf, lawns and ornamental plants. It protects plants against a variety of fungal infections such as rusts, downy mildew, leaf spot, scabs, blossom blight and black pod.
Crops protected include pome fruit, stone fruit, citrus, currants, cranberries, strawberries, bananas, vines, hops, tomatoes, green vegetables, tobacco, coffee, tea, soya bean, groundnuts, potatoes, onions, cereals and sugar beet.
In addition, it is used in wood preservatives, fish net coatings and anti-fouling paints. Chlorothalonil is used in agriculture in formulated products.
The three main formulations are a suspension concentrate containing 500 g chlorothalonil/litre, a water dispersible granule and a wettable powder containing 75% chlorothalonil. The formulations mix readily with water and are diluted to give a spray mixture which can be applied by ground spray systems or by air, and as dilute or concentrated sprays.
The dose rates recommended for crop protection have been derived from efficacy studies conducted in a variety of climatic conditions in various parts of the world. The label recommendations are designed to give satisfactory fungal disease control and to keep residues within national and international limits.
Typical active ingredient rates are 1.25-2.5 kg/ha for crops such as beans, celery and onions. Rates of use for a variety of purposes are shown in Table 6. Spray volumes usually range from about 200 to 400 litres/ha for dilute sprays and 45 to 95 litres/ha for concentrated sprays.
Applications should commence when weather conditions favour disease, e.g., high humidity, and prior to initial infection. Repeat applications may be needed as directed on the label for the country concerned.
Examples of crops, diseases controlled, agronomic importance, application rates, timing of treatment and pre-harvest intervals on a variety of crops in the Netherlands have been given by FAO (1982).
A summary of approved uses for grapes, including formulation used, application rates, number of treatments and pre-harvest interval for a variety of countries, has been given by FAO/WHO (1986a).
Chlorothalonil formulations are compatible in use with many other fungicides and insecticides and combined formulations are registered and available for use in many countries.
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